| Area | Napoleon’s beliefs |
| Education | -girls should spend time at home learning religion, manners, and female occupations -Lycee (secondary) schools set up for boys |
| Politics | -Turns France into an Empire- with himself as permanent First Consul - Bank of France- improve budgets and taxing -Made generals, ministers, prefects, scientists, rich men, and nobles his senators -Makes his family rule Europe- see below -Divorces Josephine, marries Marie-Louis of Austria to produce a male heir |
| Religion | -Reconcile Catholics into his regime -Concordat with Pope Pius VII- ended state and church conflicts -Catholicism recognized as official religion of a majority of the French population -Catholics criticize Napoleon for attempting to control religion |
| Scientific/ Intellectual Advancement | -new theoretical and practical scientific work rewarded the state’s efforts -Dominique-Jean Larrey- developed new battlefield amputation and medical care for the wars of Napoleon -Napoleon was unable to tolerate criticism- banishes Madame de Stael, causing her to write Corinne (patriarchal society) and On Germany (new literary currents) |
| French Revolution | -No executions but refused political oppositions in press, clubs- censorship -Eliminate republic- becomes the First Consul |
| Social | -Increase building- Arc de Triomphe, Stock Exchange, fountains, slaughterhouses -Legion of Honor- new noble class based off military successes -New work conditions |
| Military | -Emannuel-Joseph Sieyes, his advisor, explains his military confidence -Reliance on his military advisors- Alexandre Berthier (chief of staff) -Legion of honor of nobles also serves as a crucial component of military success |
| Judicial | Civil Code- defined property rights, guaranteed religious liberty, and established a uniform system of law providing equal treatment for all males |
| Views on Women | -Believed in patriarchal dominance, but helped poor women through charities -Wished to restrict women to the private sphere of the home |
Domestic Policies- military conquests
1) Spain- Napoleon makes brother Joseph king
-Spain becomes constitutional republic under Napoleon's influence
-Napoleon invades Portugal using Spain's large army
-Consequences- Spanish clergy/nobles raise peasant army to fight French occupiers in a 6 year battle for independence
-Result- Nobles appoint Ferdinand VII, heir to Charles IV as king to preserve the old monarchy from napoleon
2) Italy- Napoleon makes another brother Joseph king, Most unified it has been since HRE
-Napoleon establishes Italy as 3 provinces and later places his stepson as Viceroy of Italy (nickname "King of Rome")
-Reforms- abolishes feudalism, makes other social, political, and economic reforms
-Consequence- Carbonari resistance that will later unify Italy in the 1870's
3) Austria- Napoleon fights against them a lot
-Battles- Battle at Marengo and Hohenlinden, Battle of Ulm, and Battle of Austerlitz against the Third Coalition
-Result- peace terms in Treaty of Tilist, many Austrian soldiers were captured by French, alliance with Russia
4) Prussia- Napoleon makes his brother Jerome king
-Battles- BAttle at Jena and Auerstadt, Battle of Austerlitz
-Results- Treaty of Tilist- Prussian lands become kingdom of Westphalia, Polish provinces become Duchy of Warsaw
-Frederick William III becomes king- appoints reform commission, which abolishes serfdom, gave more power to army
5) Other Germanic States
-Napoleon abolishes HRE and created Confederation of the Rhine
-Consequence- revolt against French culture as people wish to become more nationalist
6) Poland- Napoleon creates Duchy of Warsaw from Polish provinces of Prussia
-People love Napoleon for allowing them to make their own culture
7) Russia- rival of Napoleon, part of Third Coalition
-Battle at Friedland, Invasion of 1812- Tsar Alexander I is humiliated is makes treaty with France
-Increased westernization such as more universities, attempt at abolishing serfdom but all reforms fail
-Military technique- burn everything as it retreats to keep French from taking their supplies- downfall of Napoleon's army
Defeat of Napoleon:
-War in Spain for independence- put Ferdinand VII as king and reduces Napoleon's army by 350,000
-Invasion of Russia reduces army from 600,000 to 40,000 because of terrible conditions of the winter
-kicked out and finally reinstated to throne; Napoleon builds up army to fight in Battle of Waterloo (Hundred Days)
-Napoleon is exiled to an island on the coast of Africa
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